With different rates of strain (loading), we will have different-shape curves. It should also be noted that the stress–strain curve for the same-strength concrete may be of different shapes if the condition of loading varies appreciably. If the unit weight is taken as 144 lb/ft 3, the resulting expression for modulus of elasticity is For normal-weight concrete, the unit weight w c will vary with the mix proportions and with the character and size of the aggregates. This expression is valid for concretes having w c between 90 and 160 lb/ft 3. The ACI Code provides the accepted empirical expression for modulus of elasticity :Į c = modulus of elasticity of concrete in compression (psi)į c ′ = compressive strength of concrete (psi) At low and moderate stresses (up to about 0.5 f c ′ ), concrete is commonly assumed to behave elastically. Even if we assume a straight-line portion, the modulus of elasticity is different for concretes of different strengths. It may also be observed that the slope of the initial portion of the curve (if it approximates a straight line) varies with concretes of different strengths. Therefore, there exists no constant value of modulus of elasticity for a given concrete because the stress–strain ratio is not constant. For concrete, however, we observe that the straight-line portion of the plot is very short, if it exists at all. The slope of the straight line is the modulus of elasticity. For steel, where stresses are below the yield point and the material behaves elastically, the stress–strain plot will be a straight line. The initial slope of the curve varies, unlike that of steel, and only approximates a straight line. Higher-strength concretes are more brittle and will fracture at a lower maximum strain than will the lower-strength concretes. Stress then decreases, accompanied by additional strain. The curves shown in Figure 1 represent the result of compression tests on 28-day standard cylinders for varying design mixes .Ī review of the stress–strain curves for different strength concretes reveals that the maximum compressive strength is generally achieved at a unit strain of approximately 0.002 in./in. Figure 1 Typical stress–strain curves for concreteĬurrently, 28-day concrete strengths ( f c ′ ) range from 2500 to 9000 psi, with 3000 to 4000 psi being common for reinforced concrete structures and 5000 to 6000 psi being common for prestressed concrete members.Ĭoncretes of much higher strengths have been achieved under laboratory conditions. Note in Figure 1 that f c ′ is not the stress that exists in the specimen at failure but that which occurs at a strain of about 0.002. The compressive strength so determined is the highest compressive stress to which the specimen is subjected. The test involves compression loading to failure of a specimen cylinder of concrete. For calculations, f c ′ is frequently used with the units kips per square inch (ksi).Ī test that has been standardized by ASTM C39 is used to determine the compressive strength ( f c ′ ) of concrete. The compressive strength of concrete is denoted f c ′ and is assigned the units pounds per square inch (psi). With concrete used principally in compression, the compressive stress–strain curve is of primary interest. It is generally accepted that the behavior of a reinforced concrete member under load depends on the stress–strain relationship of the materials, as well as the type of stress to which it is subjected.
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If you want it in the game petition CA, like I said, he'll probably patch it back in if enough people really want it. And we don't know if it was completely done and balanced before being removed. I don't care for the act of personally being able to kill animals, just the gameplay that would come from doing it. Maybe butchering was removed so long ago that no recipe was completed for it, so it would take much more time to completely put it back. Just make it possible to buy meat for the recipes, and don't make a achievement for butchering.Īnyway, we don't know precisely what is in or not, and what was removed. It seams you can "complete" the game either way without losing anything, so it probably could be done with animal products too. Maybe more if butcher was the only way to get meat for recipes.īut if you are a completionist, you can't restrict you self, that is my opinion.ĬA gave the option to help the community center or joja. Part of the game is complete every achievement, and that would probably mean butcher at least one of each animal. Real farmers don't have to give "love" personally to their animals so they make better products, been it milk or meat.Īnd though you can opt to not butcher you animals. Stardew Valley is not just some farm simulation. I do understand the decision to remove butchering, although I personally don't agree with it. So that's why it's kind of disappointing when I find out that CA is ignoring that trend and hitching Stardew Valley's cart to the "sensitivities" of a 1996 SNES kids game. In fact, pretty much every simulation game coming out that deals with agriculture in one way or another has butchering in it, because butchering is a fundamental part of agriculture. Now, I'm well aware that some farming simulation games don't have butchering. It's one of the core principles of agriculture, and has been for literally thousands and thousands of years. Do you understand how meat gets put on your dinner table? Killing animals for meat is not a peripheral part of the farming experience. Second, it's ridiculous from a farming perspective. Re-read that and tell me if you don't see some major psychological empathy flaws there. I mean first, it's ridiculous from psychological level. Click to expand.Do you understand how ridiculous this sounds? There are three major series of Trex Decking or you can call them the types, too. This categorization makes it practically convenient to settle for a suitable choice. Transcend is the premium decking line of Trex and is the only series that comes with Porch boards. 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When you choose to install a Trex deck in winter, you will enjoy plenty of benefits. There are several benefits to building Trex decks in winter, including: Therefore, it is ideal for cold climates with frequent snowfalls. It also won’t rot or warp, unlike wood decking. Trex composite decking, unlike wood, can withstand harsh weather, even when covered in snow, ice, and rain. In addition to offering a higher level of durability and low maintenance, they are also more aesthetically pleasing. It is still possible however to install composite decks such as Trex even in cold weather. Installation of winter decksĭuring the winter months, Seattle WA and nearby cities can have very low temperatures, making using a deck difficult. In addition, Trex decking is excellent for cold weather decks since it requires less maintenance in cold weather. When the weather warms up in the spring, you can use it and enjoy it if you build it in the winter.Ĭomposite decking is designed to resist moisture, freezing temperatures, and sunlight exposure during winter. In addition to being low maintenance, Trex decking does not need to be stained or sealed. Also, Trex decking is excellent in frigid climates. Water, cold temperatures, and sunlight exposure are not a problem for composite decking in the winter. This decking is more durable and less maintenance-intensive in cold weather. There is no doubt that the answer is yes! During the winter, you can install Trex composite decking, and the deck can be enjoyed in spring. You may wonder, however, if Trex decking can be installed in winter, out of precaution? It is, however, ideal to do this kind of project during crisp weather provided you use the right composite material.Īs long as you choose a composite deck made from high-quality materials, you won’t have to worry about winter affecting your deck. Can You Install Trex Composite Decking In The Winter?Ĭold weather installation of a Trex deck.Īs the weather gets cooler, many people may not want to build a deck in the winter. Copy the URL link of the video file which you want to download.You get different resolution options for your videos. In the developer tools, the main interface, click on the Network tab.To open the developer tools page, Press the keys Ctrl + Shift + I together.Open your chrome or other web browser and sign in to your Twitter account.m3u8 link of the video that you want to save. 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Lies of P gameplayĭuring a ten-minute spotlight in the 2023 Xbox Extended Showcase hosted, we received our first in-depth look at what Lies of P will play like. The dark undertones of the game create an ominous atmosphere, and while the content might not necessarily fall under the scary game umbrella, the general setting alone has us questioning whether or not Lies of P could become one of the best horror games in the future. The Belle Époque inspiration for the map creates a contrastingly enchanting atmosphere too, which has been described as harboring a terrifying horror within despite its breathtakingly beautiful appearance. The remains of a city once thriving due to its puppet industry are now drenched in blood and slowly succumbing to chaos, echoing the towering enemies you’ll come up against. The plagued city of Krat is haunting in design and sets the scene for the entire game. Of course, there are already a lot of fantastic solo adventures Game Pass, but there's definitely space for Lies of P to fall among one of the very best single player games on Xbox Game Pass.īetween navigating the calamity and facing enemies head-on during instances of challenging, intricate combat, you’ll be challenged to carve your own path and decide what's the right decision to make throughout the dark narrative. It’s a twisted interpretation of the original story The Adventures of Pinocchio by Carlo Collodi, captivating the struggle of Pinocchio himself navigating the chaos in a desperate attempt to both become a man and also find his creator, Geppetto.īut, Pinocchio is caught in a web of lies, which doesn’t bode well for the future of the puppet, and there is a whole world of monsters and untrustworthy figures standing between you and your objective. The single-player campaign will have you take on the adventure entirely solo, feeding into the isolated atmosphere Krat already presents. If there's any more PS5 availability we'll announce the details on our deals Twitter page For now, here are all the other retailer pages you'll need to keep primed and ready for when stock is available.The story of Lies of P follows the humanoid puppet Pinocchio who wakes up in a desolate train station in the city of Krat which is being consumed by chaos and madness. If you're not interested in signing up for Walmart+, have no fear, more stock drops are here (soon).
#8 Bigvu Teleprompter Image Credits: Getty Imagesīigvu Teleprompter is a free app for iOS and Android devices. This can be helpful if you want to read your script without looking directly at your device. One unique feature of Teleprompter Pro Lite is its ability to mirror the script on a secondary screen, such as an external monitor or a teleprompter device. You can also import scripts from Dropbox or Google Drive or copy and paste text directly into the app. This app offers a range of customizable features, including the ability to adjust the font size, text color, and scrolling speed. Teleprompter Pro Lite is a free teleprompter app for iOS devices. You can also pause, rewind, and fast-forward your script as needed, which can be helpful if you need to repeat a section or skip ahead. This app is designed for simplicity, with a clean and easy-to-use interface that makes it easy to adjust the font size and scrolling speed. Simple Teleprompter is a free teleprompter app for iOS and Android devices. This can be helpful if you already have your script written in a different program and want to import it into the teleprompter app without copying and pasting each section. One of the unique features of Open Teleprompter is its ability to import and export scripts in various file formats, including plain text, Microsoft Word, and PDF. It offers a simple, no-frills interface that allows you to adjust the font size and scrolling speed. Open Teleprompter is a free, open-source teleprompter app available for both Windows and Mac OS. #5 Open Teleprompter Image Credits: Shutterstock You can also import scripts from your device’s local storage or Dropbox account. PromptSmart Lite also includes several customizable features, such as the ability to adjust the font size, scrolling speed, and text color. It uses voice recognition technology to automatically scroll the script as you speak, which can be helpful if you are shooting a video by yourself and need to keep your hands free. PromptSmart Lite is a free teleprompter app that is available for iOS devices. For example, the app includes a timer to help you pace your delivery, and a text-to-speech feature that can read your script aloud to you as you practice. Speechnotes is designed with public speakers and educators in mind and includes several features that can help you deliver a more engaging presentation. Instead, you can access the app directly from your web browser. Unlike other teleprompter apps, Speechnotes does not require downloading software or installing apps on your device. Speechnotes is a web-based teleprompter app that is completely free to use. These devices allow you to control the scrolling speed and direction remotely, which can be helpful if you are shooting a video alone and need to adjust the teleprompter without touching your device. One of the unique features of the Parrot Teleprompter is its compatibility with external devices, such as the Parrot Teleprompter Remote and the Parrot Teleprompter 2. It features a clean, modern interface that is easy to navigate, with options to adjust the font size, text color, and background color. Parrot Teleprompter is another popular app available for both iOS and Android devices. You can also import text files from your local storage or copy and paste text directly into the app. One of the standout features of Teleprompter Lite is its ability to sync with Google Drive, Dropbox, and iCloud, which makes it easy to access your scripts from anywhere. The app also supports voice recognition, which allows you to control the scrolling with your voice instead of using the on-screen controls. It offers a simple, easy-to-use interface that allows you to adjust the font size, scrolling speed, and background color to your liking. Teleprompter Lite is a free teleprompter app available for iOS and Android devices. This article will look at five free teleprompter apps that can help you read scripts while shooting videos or hosting webinars. The service offer includes an exceedingly difficult to replicate (certainly by on-line competitors) customer technical assistance and support approach. Protecting US margins through a combination of improved sourcing and an enhanced in-store service offering.The rate of store growth has been reasonably consistent at around 3% for the last 10 years. Growing its US DIY market share by expanding its store count.It has used a combination of new technology (data mining IT which has enabled better inventory management and dynamic pricing) and traditional market positioning approaches such as: AutoZone’s StrategyĪutoZone has adopted a multipronged strategy which has specific elements to grow revenues and defend margins in its key markets. Over the last few years, the Commercial market has become the competitive battleground as it has provided the greatest opportunity for the major companies (including AutoZone) to grow market share. The customer requirements for this segment are less price sensitive and more sharply focused on the range, availability and quality of the products. The segment comprises the commercial repair shops, car dealers, etc. This segment was estimated to be about $US 85B in size before the impact of the pandemic. The on-line component of this segment is significant but reasonably contained due to its complex customer service requirements (a combination of price, availability and technical support is often required by customers). The market is dominated by retailers who sell primarily to individuals. This segment was estimated to be about $US 65B in size before the impact of the pandemic. The Auto Aftermarket can be segmented into two main elements: Each company has similar market shares with a total combined market share of just over 30%. The major companies in this market include: AutoZone, Genuine Parts Company ( GPC), Advanced Auto Parts and O’Reilly Automotive ( ORLY). Source: Genuine Parts Company, Investor Day Presentation 2019. The market is very fragmented with no one company having a dominate market share. The generally accepted view is that the sector’s revenues will grow between 2% to 4% per year for the next 5 years once conditions return to normal. Industry participants expect that post COVID-19 the market will resume its growth trajectory. This is expected to continue given the challenging economic conditions. The data is indicating that the average age of the US car fleet is growing older each year. In the most recent year there was a 13.2% decline in the total miles traveled. Prior to the impact of COVID-19, the underlying total miles travelled had been growing at close to 1% per year. Both indicators have had favorable tailwinds (excepting for the recent short-term impact of COVID-19): The industry participants believe that demand is influenced by the total number of vehicle miles driven and the average age of the car fleet. The US market has seen reasonable growth over many years. Source: Advanced Auto Parts: Investor Presentation April 2021. I have settled on the numbers presented by Advanced Auto Parts ( AAP) because of their close agreement with the estimates published by its competitors. I have seen estimates as high as $US 281B from to as low as $US 78B from GrandView Research. There is reasonable conjecture about the size of the US car parts aftermarket. The company does not provide any break-down of its revenues by market segment or by region. The company listed on the NYSE in 1991.Īt the time of writing this report AutoZone had a market capitalization of $US 3,400 M which makes it the 230th largest company on the S&P 500. The company opened its first store under the Auto Shack brand in 1979 and changed its name to AutoZone in 1987. Industry commentators estimate that AutoZone’s private label brands may represent almost 50% of total sales. It sells both directly to consumers through a chain of over 6,500 company owned stores throughout the Americas (including Mexico and Brazil) and it also distributes parts to the automotive industry trade (repair garages, car dealers, service stations, etc).ĪutoZone retails products sourced from the leading industry branded suppliers and markets its own branded products (private label) sourced directly from low-cost Asian suppliers. Jetcityimage/iStock Editorial via Getty Images Company DescriptionĪutoZone Inc ( NYSE: AZO) is a US based company which operates in the automotive replacement parts and accessories sector.
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